QWERTY

QWERTY

Author: BBC World Service April 15, 2019 Duration: 8:59

The QWERTY keyboard layout has stood the test of time, from the clattering of early typewriters to the virtual keyboard on the screen of any smart-phone. Myths abound as to why keys are laid out this way – and whether there are much better alternatives languishing in obscurity. Tim Harford explains how this is a debate about far more than touch-typing: whether the QWERTY keyboard prospers because it works, or as an immovable relic of a commercial scramble in the late 19th century, is a question that affects how we should deal with the huge digital companies that now dominate our online experiences.

Producer: Ben Crighton Editor: Richard Vadon

(Image: qwerty keyboard, Credit: Getty Images)


Behind every price tag, spreadsheet, and market fluctuation lies a human story of curiosity, accident, and sometimes sheer stubbornness. In 50 Things That Made the Modern Economy, the BBC World Service presents a journey through the seemingly ordinary objects and concepts that quietly built the world we live in. Host Tim Harford goes far beyond dry economic theory, digging into the surprising origins of things like the plow, the bar code, or the limited liability company. Each episode unpacks how a single invention or idea rippled out, reshaping work, society, and global power structures in ways we rarely stop to consider. You’ll hear how the humble receipt fueled commerce, how the shipping container erased distances, and how double-entry bookkeeping enabled empires. This isn't just a history lesson; it's a series of detective stories that connect the dots between a tangible thing and the abstract forces that govern our daily lives. The podcast makes the invisible architecture of our world visible and compelling, revealing the economic fingerprints on everything from your smartphone to your supermarket shelf. Harford’s engaging storytelling transforms complex topics into accessible and genuinely fascinating narratives, reminding us that the modern economy wasn't built by abstract forces alone, but by concrete things dreamed up by people. Tune in to understand not just how the economy works, but how it came to be.
Author: Language: English Episodes: 100

50 Things That Made the Modern Economy
Podcast Episodes
Fast food franchise [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 9:51
There are more than 36,000 McDonald's restaurants around the world - but if the McDonald brothers had had their way, that might never have happened. Tim Harford tells the story of how milkshake-mixer salesman Ray Kroc tu…
CCTV [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 9:51
Surveillance cameras were invented so Nazi scientists could observe rocket launches from a safe distance. They've come a long way since then, and are gathering more data about us than ever before. But in a world where mi…
Retirement [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:32
As populations age, pension systems around the world are coming under strain. Governments, employers and economists are searching for ways to alleviate the problem - but could traditional societies hold some valuable les…
Santa [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 16:07
Why does Father Christmas wear red and white? It's not for the reason you may think. In an updated version of an episode from 2018, Tim Harford tells the story of Christmas and consumerism.
Sewing machine [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 9:37
Women's lives were transformed by sewing machines, which made a "never-ending, ever-beginning task" far less arduous and time-consuming. But Isaac Singer, who made his fortune from these devices, was far from a champion…
Hollerith punch card [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 9:53
Data is a hugely profitable commodity - if you know how to process it. Tim Harford tells the story of Herman Hollerith, and how his 19th-century machine for processing census data laid the foundations for some of the wor…
Stock option [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:05
In theory, stock options should motivate executives to perform better by tying their pay to their company's performance. So why do some argue the practice has just become a way for the highest earners to boost their sala…
Fundraising appeal [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 9:53
Tim Harford goes back to the 1900s to tell the story of how charity fundraising became big business. But in the social media age, what's the most effective way to get people to give?
SWIFT [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:05
The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication - SWIFT - solved some big problems with international financial transfers, making them more secure and reliable than ever before. However, as Tim Harford ex…
Wedgwood [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 9:38
Josiah Wedgwood is arguably the best-known name in the history of pottery - but it's not just his pots that made their mark on history. Tim Harford explains how a business model Wedgwood devised in the 18th Century still…