S-Bend

S-Bend

Author: BBC World Service September 2, 2017 Duration: 10:15

If you live in a city with modern sanitation, it’s hard to imagine daily life being permeated with the suffocating stench of human excrement. For that, we have a number of people to thank – not least a London watchmaker called Alexander Cumming. Cumming’s world-changing invention owed nothing to precision engineering. In 1775, he patented the S-bend. It was a bit of pipe with a curve in it and it became the missing ingredient to create the flushing toilet – and, with it, public sanitation as we know it. Roll-out was slow, but it was a vision of how public sanitation could be – clean, and smell-free – if only government would fund it. More than two centuries later, two and a half billion people still remain without improved sanitation, and improved sanitation itself is a low bar. We still haven’t reliably managed to solve the problem of collective action – of getting those who exercise power or have responsibility to organise themselves.

Producer: Ben Crighton Editors: Richard Vadon and Richard Knight

(Image: S-bend, Credit: ericlefrancais/Shutterstock)


Behind every price tag, spreadsheet, and market fluctuation lies a human story of curiosity, accident, and sometimes sheer stubbornness. In 50 Things That Made the Modern Economy, the BBC World Service presents a journey through the seemingly ordinary objects and concepts that quietly built the world we live in. Host Tim Harford goes far beyond dry economic theory, digging into the surprising origins of things like the plow, the bar code, or the limited liability company. Each episode unpacks how a single invention or idea rippled out, reshaping work, society, and global power structures in ways we rarely stop to consider. You’ll hear how the humble receipt fueled commerce, how the shipping container erased distances, and how double-entry bookkeeping enabled empires. This isn't just a history lesson; it's a series of detective stories that connect the dots between a tangible thing and the abstract forces that govern our daily lives. The podcast makes the invisible architecture of our world visible and compelling, revealing the economic fingerprints on everything from your smartphone to your supermarket shelf. Harford’s engaging storytelling transforms complex topics into accessible and genuinely fascinating narratives, reminding us that the modern economy wasn't built by abstract forces alone, but by concrete things dreamed up by people. Tune in to understand not just how the economy works, but how it came to be.
Author: Language: English Episodes: 100

50 Things That Made the Modern Economy
Podcast Episodes
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Duration: 9:44
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Duration: 9:58
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Bonsack machine [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 9:35
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Duration: 10:07
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Duration: 10:20
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Duration: 9:57
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Duration: 10:30
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Oil [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 8:59
The price of oil is arguably the most important in the world economy. How did we become so dependent - and are we ever likely to wean ourselves off it?
Chatbot [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:03
It's claimed that some computers can now pass the Turing test: convincing people that they are human. Tim Harford asks how important that distinction is, and what it means for the future of human interaction.