Understanding the Syrian crisis: What led the country into civil war?

On March 15, 2011, a small protest in Daraa ignited what would become one of the 21st century’s deadliest conflicts. But Syria’s crisis didn’t start overnight. Decades of authoritarian rule, sectarian tensions, and political repression had already set the stage. The Assad family’s iron grip on power, combined with economic stagnation and deep social divides, left the country fragile. When peaceful protests erupted during the Arab Spring, a brutal regime crackdown and a divided opposition quickly turned unrest into full-scale civil war. Regional powers, foreign fighters, and jihadist groups like Jabhat al-Nusra and ISIS exploited the chaos, further splintering the nation. By 2015, Syria was a patchwork of contested territories, millions were displaced, and entire cities lay in ruins. In this first part of our two-episode series on Syria, Global Faultlines traces the country’s path from the early 20th century to 2015, examining the political, social, and regional forces that transformed a once-peaceful nation into a global crisis zone. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu Research: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian Camera: Shivaraj S Edited and Produced by Sharmada Venkatasubramanian Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices