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1. Actio: A legal action or suit in Roman law; from Latin actio, from agere “to do.”
2. Adjudicatio: A court decree or judgement; from Latin adjudico, from ad “to” and judicare “to judge”.
3. Actori incumbit probatio: The burden of proof lies on the plaintiff; from Latin actori incumbit probatio, from actor “plaintiff” and incumbere “to impose”.
4. Brevi manu: By order of the court; from Latin brevi manu, from brevis “short” and manus “hand”.
5. Caveat emptor: Let the buyer beware; from Latin caveat emptor, from cavere “to beware” and emptor “buyer”.
6. Damnum emergens: Loss arising from a breach of contract; from Latin damnum emergens, from damnum “loss” and emergere “to arise”.
7. Ex aequo et bono: According to equity and good conscience; from Latin ex aequo et bono, from ex “from” and aequus “equal” and bonus “good”.
8. Ex debito justitiae: Out of a sense of justice; from Latin ex debito justitiae, from ex “out of”, debito “debt” and justitiae “justice”.
9. In personam: Against a specific person; from Latin in personam, from in “into” and persona “person”.
10. In rem: Against a thing or property; from Latin in rem, from in “into” and rem “thing”.
11. Inter vivos: Between living persons; from Latin inter vivos, from inter “between” and vivos “living”.
12. Jus cogens: Compulsory law; from Latin jus cogens, from jus “law” and cogere “to compel”.
13. Pacta sunt servanda: Agreements must be kept; from Latin pacta sunt servanda, from pacta “agreements”, sunt “are” and servanda “to be kept”.
14. Qui facit per alium, facit per se: He who acts through another, acts himself; from Latin qui facit per alium, facit per se, from qui “who”, facit “makes”, per “through”, alium “other” and se “self”.
15. Res judicata: A matter already adjudicated; from Latin res judicata, from res “thing” and judicata “adjudicated”.
6. Fiat Lux – Let there be light. (Latin: fiat, let; lux, light). Etymologically, fiat lux literally means “let there be light” and is used to refer to the creation of light.
8. Mea Culpa – My mistake; my fault. (Latin: mea, my; culpa, fault). Etymologically, mea culpa literally means “my fault” and is used to refer to an admission of guilt or responsibility for a mistake.
9. Moot Point – A point or issue that is no longer relevant or applicable. (Latin: mūtāre, to change). Etymologically, moot point literally means “to change” and is used to refer to a point or issue that is no longer relevant or applicable.
10. Res Ipsa Loquitur – The thing speaks for itself; an inference that a person is responsible for an accident or injury because they were in control of the situation. (Latin: res, thing; ipsa, itself; loquitur, speaks). Etymologically, res ipsa loquitur literally means “the thing speaks for itself” and is used to refer to an inference that a person is responsible for an accident or injury because they were in control of the situation.
