Free Community College Pays For Itself, New NBER Study Finds

A new NBER working paper finds that Tennessee Promise, the nation’s first statewide free community college program, increased college enrollment, boosted degree completion, raised early-career earnings, and generated enough new tax revenue to more than cover its cost. The researchers estimate the program’s marginal value of public funds is infinite, meaning every public dollar spent produced positive benefits at no net cost to the government.

The study, from economists at the University of Tennessee, Saint Mary’s College of California, and the Tennessee Office of Evidence and Impact, tracks the program from its 2009 single-county pilot in Knox County through statewide rollout in 2015. Tennessee’s model became the template for the more than 20 states that now offer some version of free community college, most using the same last-dollar structure.

The program’s design is simple by financial aid standards. Any Tennessee high school graduate qualifies regardless of income, grades, or field of study, as long as they apply on time, complete mentoring and community service requirements, and enroll at a community college or college of applied technology the fall after graduation. That simplicity make it easy for students to benefit.