The protests that sparked the Tiananmen Square massacre

The protests that sparked the Tiananmen Square massacre

Author: BBC World Service June 4, 2026 Duration: 9:17

One month before the bloodshed in Beijing, a 10km line of protestors snaked through the city.

For over a decade China had been opening up to global trade and there was promise that, with greater economic freedoms, democratic rights might be within reach too.

In an emotional testimony, student organiser Wu'er Kaixi explains why he thought protest and demonstrations were encouraging leaders towards a more progressive China.

On 4 May 1989, with huge numbers in the streets it was a moment when many dared to believe the fight for democracy could be won. But, as Wu'er Kaixi tells Tom Bonnett, it was a brief high point. A month later, tanks and soldiers descended on the streets and sent a bloody message - protest would not be tolerated.

Eye-witness accounts brought to life by archive. Witness History is for those fascinated by and curious about the past. We take you to the events that have shaped our world through the eyes of the people who were there.

For nine minutes every day, we take you back in time and all over the world, to examine wars, coups, scientific discoveries, cultural moments and much more.

Recent episodes explore everything from how the Excel spreadsheet was developed, the creation of cartoon rabbit Miffy and how the sound barrier was broken.

We look at the lives of some of the most famous leaders, artists, scientists and personalities in history, including: the moment Reagan and Gorbachev met in Geneva, Haitian singer Emerante de Pradines’ life and Omar Sharif’s legendary movie entrance in Lawrence of Arabia.

You can learn all about fascinating and surprising stories, like the invention of a stent which has saved lives around the world; the birth of the G7; and the meeting of Maldives’ ministers underwater. We cover everything from World War Two and Cold War stories to Black History Month and our journeys into space.

(Photo: Student protests in Beijing in May 1989. Credit: Getty Images)


Eye-witness accounts brought to life by archive. Witness History is for those fascinated by and curious about the past. We take you to the events that have shaped our world through the eyes of the people who were there. For nine minutes every day, we take you back in time and all over the world, to examine wars, coups, scientific discoveries, cultural moments and much more. Recent episodes explore everything from how the Excel spreadsheet was developed, the creation of cartoon rabbit Miffy and how the sound barrier was broken.We look at the lives of some of the most...
Author: Language: English Episodes: 100

Witness History
Podcast Episodes
Syria's secret library [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:51
A group of young men in the besieged town of Darayya came together to build a secret library during the Syrian civil war, which started in 2011 and ended in 2024. Braving snipers and bombardment, they rescued thousands o…
Charles Taylor and the blood diamond trial [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:43
In 2008, the former President of Liberia, Charles Taylor, faced a courtroom in the Hague accused of war crimes.His trial would last more than three years at the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone, and involve witne…
The Japanese invasion of Malaya [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:42
On 8 December 1941, Japanese troops landed in northern Malaya marking the start of the second world war in the Pacific.Invasion forces moved quickly down the British colony – which is now called Malaysia - capturing Sing…
The Aga Khan meets Florence Nightingale [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:37
In 1898, the British founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale, invited the Muslim leader Aga Khan III around to her London home for tea. They were two of the most famous figures of the 20th century and their discu…
The storming of Spain's parliament [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:34
In February 1981, armed Civil Guards tried to take control of the Spanish parliament.A total of 350 politicians were held hostage for 18 hours in the debating chamber including Joaquin Almunia, a young Socialist MP.In 20…
The playboy spy who inspired James Bond [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:38
During the 1940s, a playboy spy became one of wartime’s most successful double agents, as well as the reported inspiration behind James Bond.A gambler and womanizer who spoke several languages, Dusko Popov was approached…
'I taught the Dalai Lama' [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:28
In 1944, two Austrian mountaineers fled into the forbidden land of Tibet to escape from a prisoner-of-war camp in India.Heinrich Harrer and his friend Peter Aufschnaiter spent seven years there.Harrer became a tutor to t…
The photo which symbolised Argentina’s resistance [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:35
Adriana Lestido, an Argentinian newspaper photographer, captured a mother and her young daughter raising their arms in protest in 1982. With clenched fists and anguished faces, they were wearing white handkerchiefs tied…
Toxic shock syndrome and tampon safety [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:20
In 1980, toxic shock syndrome (TSS) emerged as a public health crisis among women who used tampons. There were hundreds of cases, and The Centers for Disease Control linked deaths from TSS to super-absorbent tampons.The…
World War Two’s Shetland Bus [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 10:56
During World War Two, whilst Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, a group of Norwegian sailors set up a base on the Shetland Islands and began aiding their country’s resistance. Named “The Shetland Bus” they made perilou…