The quest to find the Language of Cider
Richie Brady is a graduate of the Wine & Spirit Education Trust (WSET) who also happens to have a love of cider. This scholarly Irishman used his shelter in place time during Covid to take a deep dive into cider's history on the Emerald Isle where the first known writings on cider dates back to 1115! On this journey to he has found that cider and wine both share a similar fate - there is no absolute language to describe the fermented juice of apples and grapes.
The questions become one of defining "How to taste cider" and as such how does one delineate and then describe the wide range of cider styles. He found that the lexicon of cider like wine still has a long way to go as it develops a vocabulary.
In short, there is no common lexicon or language for cider.
In this chat we discuss:
The Brehon Laws which are first set down on parchment in the 7th century and were named after wanderings lawyers, the Brehons. The Brehon Laws include details on the top trees to honor known as the "Lords of the Woods".
And yes, one of those Top Trees was the Apple. And the law detailed that if you damaged an apple tree there was a fine of 2 cows that were milking and a third cow! Dependent upon the damage done there were additional fines, such as planting an apple tree of the same variety
All this deep digging into the history of Ireland and cider was in preparation for his thesis for a Masters in Gastronomy and Food Studies from Technological University Dublin (TUDublin ). Besides the Brehon Laws he also found historical writings from The Gentlemen's Society of Dublin, which then became the Royal Society. The Society's writings date back to 1737 and he found that they had a penchant for cider! Their love of cider was so keen and held in such high esteem that members noted how they gifted each other with their fine cider.
Tracing a Language for Cider in Ireland
The Society's journals classified cider into 3 different styles.
1. Summer Cider
- "Described as a weak juice from summer apples that has no body and therefore barely deserves the name cider"
- However, this cider was still drunk and recommended to age for 6 months
2. Autumn Cider
Apple varieties
- Pearmain
- Red Streak
- Golden Pippin - palatable liquor but with too much sweetness
- High raisin taste and keeps tolerably well
Age for a year
3. Wildings and Harsh winter apples
- "To attain this should be the aim to all those who deal in cider/"
- Described as a "roughest kind of cider" that is mellowed by age
Age in barrel for 3-5 years.
Example of varieties
- Cockagee
- Burlington crab
- Kendrick
- Royal Wilding
Developing Language
Wine vs Cider
- Richie proposed that because wine is seen as something that can age well and continues to develop in the bottle it encouraged people to talk about wine more, thus the language of wine developed.
- Whereas despite the fact that some ciders like wine also develops and ages well in a bottle, cider for the most part has been made to drink sooner than later.
Interestingly, even great wine writers like Jancis Robinson who wrote the highly touted Oxford companion to Wine describes the wine lexicon "in its infancy."
And French oenologist and researcher Émile Peynaud says,
"We tasters to some extent feel betrayed by language"
How to create a language for Cider
- Begin with agreeing to a specific style
- agree upon the taxonomy of cider - co-fermented cider, heirloom, farmhouse...
Richie proposes that we begin by:
1. Approaching the glass
- What is the profile of the cider in the glass
- What is the acidity
- Tannin? What is the nature of the tannin
- The sweetness
2. If 12 ciders have a similar profile, put them in a group together
3. What would we name this group
- Staying focused on the taste profile
4. Define rules and put it in a style - create rules
These simple steps on paper are a bit more complex as it will require compromise between many different parties world wide. Luckily patience is something that cider and wine teaches to makers and consumers alike.
Contact for Richie Brady
Follow Richie on Twitter @2mindtime
Mentions in this Chat
Australian Cider Producers
- Small Acres Cyder
- 3 Sons Cider
- Northwest Cider Club - cider from the Pacific Northwest shipped directly to YOU!
- Try the elevated box of cider, give cider as a gift that keeps giving!
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