Teachers as Interpreters: Listening to Every Student

Teachers as Interpreters: Listening to Every Student

Author: Ethical Schools August 9, 2025 Duration: 40:31

We speak with Dr. Cynthia Ballenger about her recent book, “Teaching is Inquiry: Observation and Reflection as the Heart of Practice,” in which she explores the role of ethnography in inquiry-based teaching and learning, i.e., cultural practices in terms of speaking, storytelling, and conveying information. Teachers can discern a lot more about students if they listen to them in the context of their ethnic/ cultural styles of communicating. Dr. Ballenger also addresses the children she calls “puzzling.”  Each of them has something to offer, she says, even those who seemingly have social-emotional challenges.

Overview

00:00-00:58 Intros

00:58-01:45 “Teaching Is Inquiry”

01:45-08:56 Ethnography of education

08:56-11:12 “Every child has something to offer the class.”

11:12-20:45 The “puzzling child”: more stories

20:45-24:10 Cultural and individual differences

24:10-27:43 Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

27:43-30:17 “Stopping time.”

30:17-31:17 Importance of stories

31:17-34:41 Strengthening systemic support; ethical implications

34:41-36:45 Testing culture as anti-democratic and unethical

36:45-38:13 More reflections on OCD

38:13-38:37 Jerome Bruner on negotiating meaning

38:37- Outro

Transcript

Click here to see the full transcription of this episode. 

References

Book “Teaching is Inquiry” by Dr. Cynthia Ballenger

Soundtrack by Poddington Bear


Conversations about education often focus on test scores and curriculum, but there’s a deeper layer that truly shapes a student’s experience. Ethical Schools digs into that layer, exploring what it means to build a learning community grounded in integrity and care. Each week, hosts Amy and Jon sit down with educators and innovators who are actively reimagining schools. You’ll hear specific, grounded discussions about the practical work of creating environments where every student feels safe and respected. The dialogue frequently addresses how to support young people dealing with trauma, moving beyond theory to share actionable strategies that teachers are using right now. More than just problem-solving, this podcast highlights how to empower students themselves to become advocates and changemakers in their own communities. It’s a series that connects philosophy with daily practice, looking at the social and cultural structures within schools through a lens of ethics. For anyone invested in the future of education-whether you’re a teacher, administrator, or simply a concerned community member-this podcast offers a thoughtful and necessary perspective on the foundational values that make education meaningful.
Author: Language: English Episodes: 240

Ethical Schools
Podcast Episodes
Teaching the “isms”: Students’ lived experiences in context [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 43:15
We speak with Jillian McRae and Sam North, English and history teachers at Ossining (NY) High School, and their student, Alaysha. For 15 years, Sam and Jillian have co-taught a college-level course called “racism, sexism…
Antiracist school leadership: Courage and commitment [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 42:30
Dr. Bradley Carpenter, associate professor of educational leadership at Baylor University, speaks about developing and supporting antiracist school principals. Very few leadership prep programs prioritize or embed antira…
Student record privacy: Danger looms from police and hackers [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 40:30
We speak with Mark Lieberman, Education Week tech reporter. Pasco County FL schools give the sheriff records of students deemed “destined to a life of crime.” NYS Education Department funded facial recognition of school…
Districtwide decisions: Day to day ethical considerations [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 34:00
We speak with Dan Callahan, Assistant Superintendent for Secondary Education in Peekskill City School District, 45 minutes north of Manhattan. The low-income district in wealthy Westchester is 70% Latino, including many…
Policing attendance boundaries: Education as private property [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 42:15
We speak with Dr. LaToya Baldwin Clark, assistant professor at UCLA School of Law. Dr. Baldwin Clark explains how school boundaries are used for racial exclusion. In many cases, schools don’t just reflect, but cause, seg…
Supporting English Learners: pandemic and post-pandemic solutions [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 31:45
We speak with Dr. Julie Sugarman of the Migration Policy Institute about meeting the needs of English Learners. We discuss the meaning and implications of ELs “falling behind” during virtual instruction and difficulties…
Students as experts: Diversity, equity, and inclusion [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 39:30
We speak with Dr. Judith King-Calnek, United Nations International School’s first Director of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. Since UNIS faculty and students come from all over the world, they draw on one another’s bac…