Literary Works in Classical Music

My Patreon sponsor for this episode, Adrian, set me a challenge: The influence of literary works on classical compositions, exploring pieces inspired by poetry, novels, or plays. He also asked me to do something else, and I'm going to quote him here:

Also, if I may add something regarding the episode: It is of course possible to make an episode about the influence of literature on music by simply doing an overview of different works that have some obvious attachment to a work of literature. However, it would be particularly interesting if you could say something more general or principled (or philosophical, if you will) about the relation between literature and music. Why do so many composers write pieces about or inspired by literary works? Does music based on literary works have any distinguishing features compared to other music? Does literature add something to music beyond simply being a subject matter among many possible subject matters? 

To attempt an answer at Adrian's last question, I think the answer is yes, literature(or poetry or theatre) can add something to music beyond being simply a subject matter. I think this is the key reason why music based on literary works is so compelling to us as listeners and why these inspirations have been so fruitful for composers. Of course, I had dozens of masterpieces to choose from when deciding which pieces to talk about in a bit of detail. But in the end, I've chosen 5 pieces to discuss today, 3 works based on poetry, and 2 based on a novel. The ways the composers I'm going to talk about manipulated and molded these works of literature or poetry into their music is remarkable, and throughout the show today I'll try to show you the techniques they used to do this, whether it's explicitly trying to depict images, like in Strauss' Don Quixote, or whether the music tries to express some sort of deeper philosophy behind the poems, like in Mahler's Das Lied von Der Erde. I hope this episode is as fun to listen to as it was fun to research and write! Join us!