How Brainwashing was Good and Maoist Propaganda was True: An Interview with leading China scholar Aminda Smith

How Brainwashing was Good and Maoist Propaganda was True: An Interview with leading China scholar Aminda Smith

Author: Matthew Rothwell March 7, 2026 Duration: 58:12

This interview with Dr. Aminda Smith of Michigan State University touches on topics including why good PRC history is left history; thought reform, reeducation through labor, and brainwashing; the veracity of the propaganda produced for a global audience during the Mao years; and the Maoist legacy in China today.

Further reading and watching:
Aminda Smith, Thought Reform and China’s Dangerous Classes
Aminda Smith, “The Maoism of PRC History”
Aminda Smith, “Brainwashing and World Revolution”
Aminda Smith, “The Legacies of 'Brainwashing': Cold War Ideology and Modern Chinese History” (the content of this talk is similar to the paywalled book chapter on brainwashing)
Stephen Andors, China’s Industrial Revolution
Positions Politics website
H-PRC website
Brian DeMare, Land Wars: The Story of China's Agrarian Revolution
Richard Wolin, The Wind From the East: French Intellectuals, the Cultural Revolution, and the Legacy of the 1960s
Philosophy is no Mystery
Mao Zedong, “On Contradiction”
Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China
Zheng Yangwen, Ten Lessons in Modern Chinese History
Maurice Meisner, Mao's China and After
Jonathan Spence, The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution
Rebecca Karl, Mao Zedong and China in the Twentieth-Century World: A Concise History
Yueran Zhang, “Leninists in a Chinese Factory: Reflections on the Jasic Labour Organising Strategy”
“Seeing through Muddied Waters, Part 1: Jasic, Strikes & Unions”
“New Alliance of Students-Workers in Struggle of Union Formation: The Case of Jasic Conflict”
“Longing for the Cultural Revolution in China Today”
Rae Yang, Spider Eaters: A Memoir

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Matthew Rothwell, author of "Transpacific Revolutionaries: The Chinese Revolution in Latin America," hosts People's History of Ideas Podcast, a series that digs into the intellectual currents behind movements for change. Rather than a simple chronology of events, this podcast traces how concepts of rebellion and revolution have traveled across borders and been reshaped by different cultures. Rothwell’s approach is grounded and connective, showing how ideas are forged in response to real-world pressures like imperialism and social upheaval. For its current arc, the narrative zeroes in on the long history of the Chinese Revolution, beginning not in the twentieth century but with the profound shock of the Opium War in 1839. From that pivotal moment, the podcast follows the evolving thought and reaction that would eventually culminate in revolutionary change, offering a deep, contextual understanding often missing from standard historical accounts. It’s for anyone who wants to hear history told through the lens of ideology and collective action, where philosophical shifts have tangible global consequences. Listening to this podcast feels like unpacking a complex genealogy of thought, where each episode reveals another link in a chain of influence and resistance. Rothwell guides you through these intricate stories with a scholar’s care, making vast historical processes feel immediate and relevant. You’ll find a thoughtful exploration at the intersection of history, culture, and philosophy, all centered on how people have historically imagined and fought for a different world.
Author: Language: English Episodes: 136

People's History of Ideas Podcast
Podcast Episodes
A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire (January 1930) (Part Two) [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 30:53
We conclude our close reading of Mao’s January 5, 1930 letter to Lin Biao. In this episode, Mao discusses his method for understanding the possibilities for revolution in China, as well as the particular tactics to be em…
A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire (January 1930) (Part One) [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 22:44
We begin our close reading of Mao’s January 5, 1930 letter to Lin Biao.Further reading:Stuart Schram, ed., Mao’s Road to Power, vol. 3: From the Jinggangshan to the Establishment of the Jiangxi Soviets, July 1927-Decembe…
Chen Duxiu Update (or, the Devil Makes Work for Idle Hands) (1929) [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 31:21
The story of how the co-founder and first General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party became a Trotskyist.Further reading:Gregor Benton, China’s Urban Revolutionaries: Explorations in the History of Chinese Trotskyi…
The Chinese Communist Party Interventions in the 1929 Sino-Soviet War [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 23:26
How the Chinese Communist Party tried to turn war into revolution in Manchuria in 1929.Further reading:Bruce A. Elleman and Stephen Kotkin, eds., Manchurian Railways and the Opening of ChinaMichael M. Walker, The 1929 Si…
The 1929 Sino-Soviet War Concludes [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 21:30
The final Soviet offensive, and some details on Chiang Ching-kuo’s activities as a student in Moscow.Further reading:Bruce A. Elleman and Stephen Kotkin, eds., Manchurian Railways and the Opening of ChinaMichael M. Walke…
The 1929 Sino-Soviet War Begins [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 21:56
Some basic military history of the beginning of the war.Further reading:Bruce A. Elleman and Stephen Kotkin, eds., Manchurian Railways and the Opening of ChinaMichael M. Walker, The 1929 Sino-Soviet WarJohn Erickson, The…
The Chinese Eastern Railway: Background to the 1929 Sino-Soviet War [not-audio_url] [/not-audio_url]

Duration: 20:25
The Guomindang moves to seize Soviet assets in Manchuria. Also, subscribe to the new substack at https://peopleshistoryofideas.substack.com/.Further reading:Bruce A. Elleman and Stephen Kotkin, eds., Manchurian Railways…